Emblematic river giving its name to the Amazonian forest, it is also the largest and longest river in the world. Excessive in its size and flow, it drains about 40% of South America's territory. After years of research and several controversies, in 2001 a mountain of Peru was declared as the official source of the Amazon River. It is indeed in the region of Arequipa at the foot of the Mismi mountain that the Amazon takes one of its main sources.